Шрифт:
V?s?
?Qabusnom?? iy?n tol?s? t?rcum? m?kt?b?d? ce ?y q?t? v?r?
D?nyo f?rh?nq? x?zin? d?l?d? c? ?Qabusnom?? (b? ?vi ?Pandnom???n voted?n) m?xsusi v?r? hestese. Yonz?min? sasori or?x?d?,h?niy?n rosti b?vot?mon,1082/1083-n? sori, b? voteyonro Unsur ?l-M?ali Keykavus ibn Isq?nd?ri b? g?l?m s? ?m moly?tin? kitob fars?z?von? n?sri nub?yn?ye. I q?l? ?m nubeyn??n v?s kard?se ki,?n?v?sti g?zin? Unsur ?l-M?ali Keykavusi nom b? d?nyo ?d?biyoti korifeyon navon? rec?d? bast? b?bu.
Ce ?y h?x?d? tos? ce ?m? rujon hic q?l? r?muz r?s? ni.Mande kitobi hand?s? oj-ojko ciyed? ki, Keykavus q?l?y universal? bas?vod? s?xs,elm?q?vur (vunderkind-red.) b?es? b? ziyod?, h?m?n yol? ?yan, alim, sair, canqav?r, tov?g b??. ?v ce ?m? Kaspi d?yo c?nub?-g?rb? sahilon?d?, Ironi ?s?tn? Qiloni vilay?t?d? jimon kard?se. B? v?r?d? ki, binim g?dimiku tol?son de qil?kon b? i co jiyed?n. M?vuji b? ?m s?bine ki, ?m?hoy c? Unsur ?l-M?ali b? ?st? zo? do? n?sih?ton, m?sl?h?ton, pandon hande?s? j?qo z?ned?mon ki, ?mon?mon i b?j?n?n k?yn?s?, koncos?,ce kikus? m?s?mone, hand?mone. Cumc?ko h?mon? n?sih?t? s?xanon veyni iron?z?von? mill?t g?zin? ce ?m?n?n milli ?xlag? kodeksi b?n?d? manded?.
Keykavusi ?st? ?s?r?s, ?lb?tt?, b? fars? z?von n?v?st?se, binim ce ? devri ?d?bi z?von b?e. Mande ?Qabusnom?? ?n?v?sti b? c?m? pe?d? nom k?s? qevmon har q?l? aid karde qasbu?n x?to ?b?ni.
Unsur ?l-M?ali ?st? devri bas?vodin? rusinfami g?zin? h?m?n b? antik? alimon iy?n filosofon ?s?ron vey cok b?l?d b??, ?von?s d?rk kard?.?Qabusnom??d? c? ?flatuni, Sokrati, Aristoteli, Hippokrati, Haleniku r?-r? d?vard? sitaton ?mi sof s?but kard?n.
X–XII sasoron?d? m?s?lmon? renessansi s?k?st?d? b? m?ydon bes? ?Qabusnom?? fay?d? didaktik? ?s?ron, pandnomon of?yero b? Avropa m?ml?k?ton cand-cand sa soron lazim b??n. M?s?l?n, c? Fransua Rable b? Fransa c?miy?ti goym? z?rinq? d?no? ?Qarqantua de Pantaqruel?nom?d? kitob dey 1564-n? sori, Inqilt?r?d? c? lord Cesterfildi ?B? zo? nom?? kitobi is? ?nc?x 1774-n? sori b? rusn? beses z?n?y.
Qilon?d? yol b?? Unsur ?l-M?ali Keykavusi b?n?y insoni ?st?n qur-qurin?, q?vonin? q?l?y umr?s d?vuniy?, binim de sogin? hadison,de soy-voyin? g?l?bon, de d?boxt? s?k?ston, de qon? dumoton x?rc pur b??.B? s? om? g?ziyonku, eq?niy? qulonku b? nav om? s?k?ston, ?st? jimoniku s? d?rson, ?st? z?neyonku, vind?yonku, m?s?yonku idrak kard? m?tl?bon bo ?st? soni n?son? noes? h?ni?n f?r cic b?z?ne b?e? Y?ne ?Qabusnom?? q?l?y p?? b? ?st? zo? do? pandon timsal?d? ono? b??.
Unsur ?l-M?ali c?mi 44 f?sliku ibar?t b?? ?m kitobi s?ft?n? 2 f?sl b? vaxti ?d?bi d?sturon ?sos?n b? X?do-Peyg?mb?ri h?sr kard?se. ?mand? f?slon?d? ?s?tboy mu?llifi b? jimoni har t?r?fi n?z?r s?gand?se. Mu?llif kitob?d? de aforizmon, pritcon, k?rt? tar?x? iy?n m?is?t? hekoyon vasit? od?mi pand q?tey, l?yag?tin, s?r?fin, m?d?ni beyro, kom mijon b? dast vardey, ciconku di?ro mandey, ?st? coni sus iy?n x?s oq?tey, b? desmenon bac om?y, dust q?tey, s?n?t-pes? s?c?n kardey, kastevon?ti kardey, v?t?ni hovoz kardey c?mon h?x?d? m?drik? m?tl?bon iy?n n?g?l? h?km?ton b? ?handon edasted?.
Sovoy ?mon kitob?d? b? nucumi (astronomiya – red.), poeziya, musigi dair sogin? pandon, h?tta podoso fay?d? m?ml?k?ti cokn?y de ?dol?ti idar? karde bar?d? pandon v?r? q?t?sone.
De i y?nd? hic suluk n?kard? Xeyr iy?n S?ri dam?d? canq kard? ?m d?nyo?d? ce vicdonin?, s?r?fin?, x?ymand? insoni v?r? kom coye? Diy? b?k?, b? ?m parsi v?d? mand? c?vob c? ?Qabusnom?ku? b?n?y s?? c?zi d?vard?.
C? h?km?ton m?rvari misl?d? ?m ?s?r b? sivil? d?nyo z?vonon veyni peqordoniy? b??. B? tol?s? mill?ti ruhi an? nez mand? ?m pandnom? x?yli di?n b?bo, ?s?t imin? b?j?ne ki, b? ce ?m? z?von peqordoniy? b?ed?.
B? ?m ko?d? ce ?m? t?r?fo 3 q?l? s?von oko do? b??:
1) S?id N?fisi 1312 s?msi?d? (1933/1934-n? miladi) Tehron?d? b? farsi bekard? variant;
2) Yevqeni Bertelsi 1958-n? sori Moskvad? b? urusi bekard? variant;
3) R?him Sultanovi 1989-n? sori Boku?d? b? t?rki bekard? variant.
V?r?s om?, b?d? b? tol?si peqordoiy? b?? ?Qabusnom?? kitobi umum?n tol?s? t?rcum? m?kt?b?d? q?t? v?r? h?x?d??n b? ?handon n?z?r i-d? q?l? s?xan edastom.
H?l? d?vard? ?sri 30-n? soron?d?, sovet? hukm?ti c?r k?s? ?b? r?g-ris? oqardey siyas?ti? c?rciv?d? ce ?m? t?rcum? m?kt?bi qofe b?n?d? mand? Z.?hm?dzod?, M.N?sirli, S.Murs?lov, I.Abdullayev,?.R.Mahmudov,S.T?gizod?, ce ?m? h?ni?n co h?n?mand? merdon t?r?fo c? d?nyo ?d?biyoti kali klassik? ?s?ron b? tol?si peqord?n? b??bin.
Ce ?von rec?d? Daniel Defo ?Robinzon Kruzo heyr?tin? jimon iy?n ce ?y mac?ron?,t?rcum??k? ?. R. Mahmudov (Boku1935); C.Svift. “Qulliver liliputon m?hol?d??, t?rcum??k? S.Murs?lov (Boku1935); Suleyman Sani Axundovi ?Siyo kin?li?,
t?rcum??k? I.Abdullayev (Boku1935); Mir C?lali ?B?yjib? od?m?(roman), t?rcum??k? S.T?gizod? (Boku1937);
L.Andreyevi ?Petk? q?y?d??, t?rcum??k? S.T?gizod?;
M. F. Axundzod? ?C? n?botati h?kim musyo Jordani de cadu?k? d?rvisi M?st?li sahi n?g?l?, 4 pard?yn? komediy?,
t?rcum??k? Seyub Murs?lov (Boku 1937); A. Cexovi ?Kast?nq??, t?rcum??k? S.T?gizad? (Boku1937); Cek Londoni ?Kisi h?x?d? hikoy??,t?rcum??k? I. Abdullayev (Boku 1936), h?ni?n co kitobon nom? b?be q?te.
Sovoy ?mon 1937-n? sord? Boku?d? t?hsili s?rf b? tol?si b?? m?kt?bon V-n? sinifiro c? Z.?hm?dzod? de M.N?sirli xanboz t?rtib kard? ??d?biyot? xrestomatiy?”d? Az?rbayconi t?rk?z?von? ?n?v?ston?d? M. ?.Sabiri, M.Musfiqi, R.Rza, S.Vurguni, M.Seyidzad?,c? urus?z?von? ?d?biyotiku A.Puskin, I.Kr?lov, I.Nekrasov, L.Tolstoy, M.Soloxov, h?niy?n co s?n?tkon muxt?lif? janr?d? n?v?st?yon b? tol?si t?rcum?d? do? b??.
H?min? 30-n? soron?d? Az?rboyconi Kommunist? bolsevik? firg? Lankoni dair? komit? orqan ?S?? Tol?s? q?zet?d??n kali t?rcumon d?varded?bin. B? ?m kood? Xanoglan Kaz?mov iy?n Qudr?t Quluyev c?sk b??n.
T?ssuf ki, sovet? kesv?r?d? nav II d?nyo muharib? milli siyas?t s?v?rd-po d?qes be, kami?d? mand? mill?ton z?vonon?d? 10 sor d?vom kard? ? xos? multikultural ab-h?vo c?smoni b? or?x r?se,b? ?m ko?d? ?st? sin? b? nav do? vey rusinfikon dastqir kard? bin,b? Sibiri, b? Miyon? Asiya sard? k?vs?non rom? bin,?voni dey b? qulul? v? doeku?n on?k?rin.
D?vard? sasori 80-n? soron or?x?d? sovet? ?toj?d?n soxtey siyas?ti? b? tol?s? t?rcum? m?kt?bi?n pozitiv? ot?m?y?s be. 1993-n? sori Boku?d? ?Az?rn?sr?d?? r?hm?tin? Novruz?li M?mm?dovi t?rtibat?d? ?Tol?si ?rm?gon? nom?d? kitob bese. ?yo b?g?zi ce muasir? tol?s? sairon ?st?n ?s?ron, h?m?n ce ?von b? tol?si kard? x?yli t?rcumon?n v?r? q?t?sone. C? ?mi b? pest?n b? devr?d? bes? ?Tol?si s?do? rujnom?d?, b? tol?si bes? co q?zeton?d?, m?cmu?on?d?, kitobon?d? Tofiq Ilhami, Xan?li Tol?si, Allahverdi Bayrami, B?xtiyar Rusini, Bal?ddin Veso, N?riman ?g?zod?, Camal L?l?zo?,Vuqar H?mati, ce ?m? h?ni?n co ?n?v?ston of?yemonon?d? c? Az?rboyconi t?rk?z?von? ?d?biyotiku, d?nyo ?d?biyotiku kard? t?rcumon?n b? c?s ciyed?n.